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{"id":7786,"date":"2018-06-26T15:45:59","date_gmt":"2018-06-26T15:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ftc.com.co\/?p=7786"},"modified":"2020-12-01T15:51:26","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T15:51:26","slug":"las-monedas-virtuales-y-su-naturaleza-tributaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ftc.com.co\/2018\/06\/las-monedas-virtuales-y-su-naturaleza-tributaria","title":{"rendered":"Las monedas virtuales y su naturaleza tributaria"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00bbin_container\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00bbbottom\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00bb1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][team_member image_url=\u00bb7733″ team_memeber_style=\u00bbmeta_below\u00bb link_element=\u00bbimage\u00bb team_member_link_new_tab=\u00bbtrue\u00bb color=\u00bbAccent-Color\u00bb name=\u00bbH\u00e9ctor Falla\u00bb job_position=\u00bbSocio Fundador FTC\u00bb description=\u00bbArt\u00edculo publicado originalmente en Asuntoslegales.com\u00bb link_url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.asuntoslegales.com.co\/analisis\/hector-falla-512911\/impuesto-especial-de-renta-sobre-dividendos-2867209″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00bb3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][vc_column_text]*Director de la Unidad Tributaria de Ara\u00fajo Ibarra.<\/p>\n

La transformaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda producto de su digitalizaci\u00f3n ha implicado grandes cambios respecto de c\u00f3mo las personas se relacionan desde el punto de vista comercial, particularmente en c\u00f3mo llevamos a cabo las transacciones de compraventa de bienes y servicios, y c\u00f3mo se pagan dichas transacciones en el espectro virtual.<\/p>\n

Bajo este contexto, surgieron las monedas virtuales (\u201cMV\u201d), las cuales sirven como medio de pago, cuyas caracter\u00edsticas principales consisten en que: implican una representaci\u00f3n digital de valor, contienen o depositan un valor determinado, no tienen una existencia f\u00edsica, pueden ser transferidas dentro de una comunidad virtual determinada (por ej.: juegos de rol en l\u00ednea para m\u00faltiples jugadores) o de manera global, carecen de control o regulaci\u00f3n gubernamental y no causan comisiones bancarias, entre otras.<\/p>\n

Debido a estas \u00fanicas caracter\u00edsticas de las MV, los Gobiernos y las Administraciones Tributarias de distintos Estados se han ocupado en analizar su naturaleza jur\u00eddica junto con su correspondiente tratamiento fiscal.<\/p>\n

As\u00ed, Colombia no ha sido ajena a este fen\u00f3meno; y, en ese sentido, la Administraci\u00f3n Tributaria concluy\u00f3 que las MV \u201cno son dinero para efectos legales\u201d -es decir que no integran la moneda corriente legal colombiana, ni se consideran divisas-, sino que son activos de naturaleza intangible, de conformidad con el C\u00f3digo Civil (\u201cCC\u201d). Por tanto, las MV no cuentan con una de las caracter\u00edsticas intr\u00ednsecas de la moneda corriente legal colombiana, esta es, considerar las MV como un m\u00e9todo de pago en efectivo que no da lugar a un suministro de bienes y\/o servicios por s\u00ed mismo, bajo la perspectiva mercantil y tributaria.<\/p>\n

En ese orden de ideas, y considerando que las MV son bienes intangibles, su transferencia en contraprestaci\u00f3n de bienes o servicios constituir\u00e1 una permuta -esto es, el cambio de una cosa por otra (art. 1955 del CC)-, como lo reconoci\u00f3 la Administraci\u00f3n Tributaria australiana (https:\/\/bit.ly\/1yYnO68). No obstante, cabe anotar que otras Administraciones Tributarias Nacionales, como la belga y la irlandesa, por ejemplo, consideran que \u201ccomercializar en bitcoins\u201d constituye una actividad de servicios, posici\u00f3n que el presente Columnista no comparte.<\/p>\n

Dicho esto, en Colombia, la realizaci\u00f3n de transacciones en MV en s\u00ed misma por parte de los residentes fiscales colombianos y sociedades nacionales tiene implicancias fiscales en materia del impuesto sobre la renta y complementario, dado que aquellos se encuentran sujetos al mencionado impuesto respecto de sus rentas de fuente mundial y activos ubicados tanto en el pa\u00eds como en el exterior; mientras que dicha transferencia podr\u00eda tener efectos fiscales en materia del impuesto de industria y comercio (\u201cICA\u201d), siempre que (1) las MV no tengan la condici\u00f3n de activos fijos y (2) se derive del ejercicio de una actividad industrial, comercial o servicios en una jurisdicci\u00f3n municipal o distrital, sin perjuicio de que los bienes y servicios en virtud de los cuales se transfieren las MV puedan causar el ICA por su parte.<\/p>\n

Finalmente, en cuanto al IVA, la transferencia de MV implica la enajenaci\u00f3n de activos intangibles, pero al no estar \u201casociados con la propiedad industrial\u201d, dicha transferencia por s\u00ed misma no causar\u00eda el IVA. No obstante, el IVA se causar\u00eda con ocasi\u00f3n de la prestaci\u00f3n de los servicios o enajenaci\u00f3n de bienes por virtud de la cual se transfirieren las MV, siempre que se cumplan los supuestos de hecho para la generaci\u00f3n del tributo.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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