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{"id":7778,"date":"2019-02-05T21:22:27","date_gmt":"2019-02-05T21:22:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ftc.com.co\/?p=7778"},"modified":"2020-12-01T15:36:17","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T15:36:17","slug":"reforma-tributaria-impacta-las-fusiones-y-escisiones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ftc.com.co\/2019\/02\/reforma-tributaria-impacta-las-fusiones-y-escisiones","title":{"rendered":"Reforma tributaria impacta las fusiones y escisiones"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00bbin_container\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00bbbottom\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00bb1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][team_member image_url=\u00bb7733″ team_memeber_style=\u00bbmeta_below\u00bb link_element=\u00bbimage\u00bb team_member_link_new_tab=\u00bbtrue\u00bb color=\u00bbAccent-Color\u00bb name=\u00bbH\u00e9ctor Falla\u00bb job_position=\u00bbSocio Fundador FTC\u00bb description=\u00bbArt\u00edculo publicado originalmente en Asuntoslegales.com\u00bb link_url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.asuntoslegales.com.co\/analisis\/hector-falla-512911\/impuesto-especial-de-renta-sobre-dividendos-2867209″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00bb3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb][vc_column_text]Con anterioridad a la reforma tributaria de 2012, el r\u00e9gimen tributario simplemente establec\u00eda que las fusiones y escisiones de sociedades y entidades colombianas y extranjeras con activos colombianos no constitu\u00edan una enajenaci\u00f3n de activos para todos los efectos tributarios tanto al nivel de las sociedades intervinientes en dichos procesos como para los accionistas de las mismas, sin la exigencia en el cumplimiento de obligaciones y\/o requisitos legales para asegurar tal tratamiento fiscal.<\/p>\n

Lo anterior, seg\u00fan la exposici\u00f3n de motivos de la Ley 1607 de 2012, permiti\u00f3 \u201cla fuga de activos y capitales sin que paguen impuestos en Colombia\u201d y caus\u00f3 \u201cdesmedro de los contribuyentes que leg\u00edtimamente buscan adaptar la estructura formal de sus negocios para optimizar procesos sin desprenderse de su patrimonio\u201d, causando con ello \u201cun sesgo injustificado a favor de las reorganizaciones, fusiones y adquisiciones en el extranjero, cosa que puede prevenirse con la adecuada regulaci\u00f3n de dichas transacciones\u201d.<\/p>\n

En vista de ello, el Estado colombiano introdujo un conjunto de normas que regulan el tratamiento fiscal de las fusiones y escisiones (adquisitivas y reorganizativas) de sociedades y entidades colombianas para efectos de asegurar que dichos procesos no daban lugar a una enajenaci\u00f3n de activos gravada para efectos tributarios al nivel de las sociedades intervinientes en las fusiones y escisiones y los socios o accionistas de aquellas.<\/p>\n

As\u00ed, en el caso de los accionistas de las sociedades y entidades resultantes de las fusiones y escisiones no gravadas para efectos fiscales, los art\u00edculos 319-4 y 319-6 del Estatuto Tributario, respectivamente, establecieron que, si los referidos socios enajenaban, a cualquier t\u00edtulo, las acciones o participaciones pose\u00eddas en las sociedades resultantes del proceso de reorganizaci\u00f3n, dichos socios deb\u00edan pagar el impuesto sobre la renta o de ganancias ocasionales correspondiente \u00b4adicionado en 30%, sin que en ning\u00fan caso el impuesto resulte inferior a 10% del valor asignado a las acciones seg\u00fan el m\u00e9todo de valoraci\u00f3n adoptada para la misma\u00b4, a no ser que la enajenaci\u00f3n fuere a t\u00edtulo de (1) venta forzada, (2) causa de muerte, (3) escisi\u00f3n o fusi\u00f3n no gravada del art\u00edculo 319-4 o 319-6, seg\u00fan sea el caso, y (4) liquidaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Cabe se\u00f1alar que el gravoso efecto se\u00f1alado al nivel de los socios o accionistas fue adoptado para desincentivar el uso de las fusiones y escisiones no gravadas, cuyas sociedades y entidades resultantes fueran, posteriormente, objeto de venta. Sin embargo, la \u00faltima reforma tributaria elimin\u00f3 el anotado efecto con el prop\u00f3sito de incentivar el uso de las fusiones y escisiones y, as\u00ed, contribuir con la reactivaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Por consiguiente, los socios y accionistas de sociedades y entidades nacionales resultantes de fusiones y escisiones no gravadas que, a partir del 1\u00b0 de enero del 2019, enajenen sus acciones o participaciones s\u00f3lo estar\u00e1n sujetos al impuesto sobre la renta y complementario, sin que el valor del impuesto deba ser adicionado en 30%, en los t\u00e9rminos expuestos, como se preve\u00eda anteriormente.<\/p>\n

De otra parte, la \u00faltima reforma tributaria extendi\u00f3, por regla general, el impuesto al consumo a la enajenaci\u00f3n de inmuebles -incluyendo la cesi\u00f3n de derechos fiduciarios o fondos que no coticen en bolsa-, cuyo valor (el de la enajenaci\u00f3n) exceda 26.800 UVT. No obstante, en opini\u00f3n del columnista, la transferencia de inmuebles involucrados en procesos de fusiones y escisiones no gravadas que no dan lugar a la enajenaci\u00f3n de activos por expresa disposici\u00f3n legal, impedir\u00eda la causaci\u00f3n del impuesto al consumo.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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